Oral and oropharyngeal cancer are types of cancer that affect the mouth and throat. Oral cancer typically affects the lips, tongue, cheeks, and gums, while oropharyngeal cancer affects the middle part of the throat, including the tonsils and base of the tongue.
These types of cancer are often linked to lifestyle factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, as well as exposure to the human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include persistent mouth or throat pain, difficulty swallowing or speaking, a lump or sore that doesn't heal, or changes in the appearance of the mouth or throat.
Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, biopsy, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans. Treatment options may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the stage and location of cancer.
Early detection is important for the successful treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, and regular dental check-ups and screenings can help identify potential problems. Reducing or eliminating tobacco and alcohol use and practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection can also help lower the risk of developing these types of cancer.